Lyme Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lyme Disease - Research Paper ExampleThe disease was characterized by outbreaks in the early chance and during the summer which showed that the vector was an arthropod (Todar, n.d). Initially children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis however, the increasing prevalence of the illness resulted in a detailed scientific research concerning the etiology of the disease. Studies of the pathogenesis and signs of the disease led to the discovery of its connection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Todar, n.d).This led to the bill of the disease from rheumatoid arthritis as rheumatoid fever has an auto immune etiology (Edwards, Cambridge and Abrahams, 1999). The similarity of the symptoms of some(prenominal) diseases led to the incorrect diagnosis. Lyme disease has the highest prevalence among tick borne diseases in the Northern Hemisphere (Fell, 2000). Etiology The etiologic agent was discovered by Willy Brgdorfer in 1982 (Todar, n.d). It was isolated from the gut of the black leg ged tick and was place to be a spirochete from the genus Borrelia (Todar, n.d). The spirochetes were found to react with serum which had been extracted from patients suffering from Lyme disease. The etiologic agent was named subsequently Willy Burgdorfer and is known as Borrelia burgdorferi. Other species which cause Lyme disease include B. garinii and B. afzelii. Recent studies defy also suggested that Borrelia miyamotoi is a causative agent as it has been found to occur in beas where Lyme disease is an endemic (Krause, Wormser and Narasimhan et al., 2013). Lyme disease is hereditary by an agent known as Inxodes scapularies. The bacteria live within the gut of these ticks which feed on human and animal blood. These ticks feed on blood for a long period of cadence and the bites are usually undetected due to the size of the ticks (Lo Re, occi and Mc Gregor, 2004). Risk Factors Some of the risk factors associated with Lyme disease are the activities in which one participates (M ayo Staff clinic, 2005). Individuals who spend a majority of their time outdoors are inclined to Lyme disease. The area which an individual lives in is also a risk factor for Lyme disease. Such areas include the midwestern United States and Northeast region (Diuk-Wasser, 2012). Ticks are mostly active during the warm seasons between May and November hence this time period poses a risk of contracting the disease (Lyme disease Update Review, n.d). Events such as camping, hiking and market-gardening are also risk factors. The risk of contracting Lyme disease is high in individuals exposed to ticks. The highest cases have been reported among individuals between 5-15 years and 45-54 years old (University of Maryland Medical Center, n.d). Lyme disease is only contagious in approximately 3% of all tick bites and the length of the bite increases the risk of transmission. Mechanism of the disease. Borrelia burgdorferi undergoes an septic cycle from nymph moulds to adults. The female lays eggs which feed on the first host and are whence dropped to the ground and trans song to nymph. The nymphs then attach and feed on the second host (Wasiluk, 2011). The chronic form of the disease affects numerous organs of the body, in particular, the joints, skin, brain and heart. The disease is classified into three items, the first stage being of limited infection, which is followed disseminated infection and the last stage is late borreliosis (Wasiluk, 2011).